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A search was conducted of the databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE from 1997 to 2008 for English\u2010language articles using the key words \u2018delirium\u2019 and the names of all the atypical antipsychotics. A total of 23 studies were used for this review. Fifteen of the studies were single\u2010agent trials. Four studies were comparison trials, including one double\u2010blind trial, and four studies were retrospective, including three comparison studies. All studies reported improvement of delirium symptomatology after the administration of atypical antipsychotics. No study included a placebo group. Other limitations included sample heterogeneity, small sample size, different rating scales for delirium, and lack of adequate controls. The improvement in delirium was observed within a few days after treatment initiation and the doses given were relatively low. Atypical antipsychotics were well tolerated, but safety was not evaluated systematically. Atypical antipsychotics appear to be effective and safe in symptomatic treatment of delirium but the evidence is limited and inconclusive. There are no double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled studies assessing the efficacy and safety of these agents in delirium. Further research is needed with well\u2010designed studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.02002.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]],"date-time":"2009-08-11T01:53:17Z","timestamp":1249955597000},"page":"623-631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Vaios","family":"Peritogiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Stefanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Lixouriotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Gkogkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios V.","family":"Rizos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.3-5-412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.023366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39169.706574.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7279.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00888-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200301000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951505050352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.4.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Treatment of delirium with risperidone","volume":"1","author":"Sipahimalani A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. 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