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In the present study in Japan, malignancies had developed in 2.6% of renal transplant recipients; the observed number\/expected number ratio was 2.78. For the primary sites, the relative risk in Japan was quite different from that in Western countries, with a lower frequency of skin cancer, an absence of Kaposi's sarcoma and higher frequencies of renal and thyroid cancer in Japan. Epstein\u2013Barr virus is an oncogenic virus causing lymphoproliferative disorders in immunocompromised hosts. In renal transplant recipients, who usually receive hemodialysis before transplantation, human T lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)\u20101 is also oncogenic and causes adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma. The HTLV\u20101 in donor blood might be transmitted to transplant recipients via transfusion during hemodialysis. The epidemiology and characteristics of representative malignancies in transplant recipients are described, with a review of pertinent literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2004.01676.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T08:57:35Z","timestamp":1094201855000},"page":"649-658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Malignancies in organ transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Hoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Aozasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"492","article-title":"Malignancies associated with immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy","volume":"83","author":"Penn I","year":"1978","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"2967","article-title":"Development of malignancies in Japanese renal transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Ochiai T","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transplantation Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.13.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970516)71:4<517::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Depressed immunity and the development of cancer","volume":"18","author":"Penn I","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199506270-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08496-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/17401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/10417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012203232502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"1101","article-title":"The changing pattern of posttransplant malignancies","volume":"23","author":"Penn I","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1125>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.6.2031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2281056a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56515-1_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.12.4937.bloodjournal87124937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07950-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","first-page":"7606","article-title":"Simian virus 40 sequences in malignant lymphomas in Japan","volume":"63","author":"Nakatsuka S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6203.1461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","unstructured":"HoshidaY XuJ\u2010X TomitaYet al.Methotrexate (MTX)\u2010associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) in Japan. 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