{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:55:43Z","timestamp":1790006143010,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatosplenic \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a clinicopathological entity associated with an immunocompromised status in approximately 25% of patients. Herein is described a case of HSTL in a 53\u2010year\u2010old Brazilian man with seven previous malaria infections, initially misdiagnosed as a hyperreactive splenomegaly due to chronic malaria. A characteristic lymphoid infiltrate was observed in spleen, liver and bone marrow sinusoids\/sinuses. Neoplastic cells had a CD45RO+, CD2+, CD7+, CD3+, CD5\u2013, CD8+, CD56+, perforin+, FasL\u2010negative, T\u2010cell receptor (TCR)\u03b1\u03b2\u2010negative, TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ profile. Analyses of \u03b3 and \u03b4 TCR rearrangements confirmed diagnosis of \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell lymphoma by detecting V\u03b3I\/V\u03b41\u2010J\u03b41 clonal rearrangements. Sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, Epstein\u2013Barr virus and herpesvirus\u20108 failed to demonstrate infection. The disease progressed to a fatal outcome following cutaneous infiltration and leukemic proliferation. The authors also comment on the association of lymphoma and infection, focusing on PCR diagnosis of TCR\u03b3 and \u03b4 clonal rearrangements and the presumed pathogenic events leading to HSTL in the context of chronic malaria infection. Initial lymphomagenic stages might not be direct consequences of antigenic stimulation of V\u03b41 T\u2010cells, but might depend on interactions between \u03b3\u03b4 T and B cells during cooperative or regulatory responses to <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> sp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2006.02027.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T06:12:23Z","timestamp":1161151943000},"page":"668-673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hepatosplenic \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell lymphoma following seven malaria infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio A. 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