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The ligation of PD\u20101 inhibits T\u2010cell receptor\u2010mediated T cell proliferation and cytokine production, and PD\u20101\u2010deficient mice develop various organ\u2010specific autoimmune diseases. To investigate the expressions of PD\u20101 and its ligands in autoimmune liver disease, in particular autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Liver biopsy specimens obtained from 17 patients with AIH and PBC were studied. PD\u20101 was expressed on more than half of the liver\u2010infiltrating T cells within the portal tract. Some of the intrahepatic T cells expressed B7\u2010H1 in patients with AIH and PBC. B7\u2010H1 and B7\u2010DC were mainly expressed on some Kupffer cells (KC) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) within the sinusoids and their expression was upregulated in autoimmune liver disease. These results suggest that the interaction of PD\u20101 on T cells with increased expression of B7\u2010H1 and B7\u2010DC on KC and LSEC might be involved in the downregulation of autoreactive lymphocytes and result in the regulation of pathogenesis in autoimmune liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02129.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,2]],"date-time":"2007-07-02T04:42:30Z","timestamp":1183351350000},"page":"485-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Intrahepatic expression of the co\u2010stimulatory molecules programmed death\u20101, and its ligands in autoimmune liver 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