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Using XGC and cultured murine biliary epithelial cells (BEC), the participation of <jats:italic>E.\u2003coli<\/jats:italic> and the role of the scavenger receptor class A (SCARA), as well as chemokine(C\u2010X\u2010C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) and its receptor chemokine(C\u2010X\u2010C motif) receptor 6 (CXCR6), were examined in the pathogenesis of XGC. <jats:italic>E.\u2003coli<\/jats:italic> components and genes were detected in XGC on immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. SCARA\u2010recognizing <jats:italic>E.\u2003coli<\/jats:italic> was found in foamy macrophages aggregated in xanthogranulomatous lesions. CXCL16, which functions as a membrane\u2010bound molecule and soluble chemokine to induce adhesion and migration of CXCR6<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, was detected on gallbladder epithelia, and CXCR6<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and CXCR6<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages were also accumulated. In cultured BEC, CXCL16 mRNA and secreted soluble CXCL16 were constantly detected and upregulated by treatment with <jats:italic>E.\u2003coli<\/jats:italic> and lipopolysaccharide through Toll\u2010like receptor 4. These suggest that SCARA in macrophages is involved in the phagocytosis of <jats:italic>E.\u2003coli<\/jats:italic> followed by foamy changes and that bacterial infection causes the upregulation of CXCL16 in gallbladder epithelia, leading to the chemoattraction of macrophages via CXCL16\u2013CXCR6 interaction and formation of the characteristic histology of XGC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02154.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,3]],"date-time":"2007-09-03T04:00:58Z","timestamp":1188792058000},"page":"652-663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Involvement of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis with scavenger receptor class A and CXCL16\u2013CXCR6 interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Seiko","family":"Sawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Isse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Kaizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuni","family":"Nakanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-003-7161-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018802028193"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Increased serum CA19\u20109 in patients with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"45","author":"Adachi Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"639","article-title":"Cholecystitis: A study of intramural deposit of lipids in twenty\u2010three cases","volume":"45","author":"Weisemann RE","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. 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