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B7\u2010H3 and B7\u2010H4 are two novel members of the B7 superfamily that are actively involved in regulating the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. However, the intrahepatic expression of both members in HBV\u2010ACLF patients has yet to be described. In this study, we analyzed the expression of B7\u2010H3 and B7\u2010H4 in HBV\u2010ACLF biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that both members were observed in all HBV\u2010ACLF samples, and their expression was chiefly observed on infiltrating inflammatory cells and the damaged bile ducts. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that B7\u2010H4 was expressed chiefly on CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages, CK\u201018<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> bile ducts, and CD31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> endothelial cells, while B7\u2010H3 was found on all cell types detected. The expression of the programmed death (PD)\u20101 ligands, PD\u2010L1 and PD\u2010L2, was also detected in these liver tissues and they were found to be co\u2010expressed with B7\u2010H3 and B7\u2010H4. These results suggest that the B7\u2010family signaling is most likely to affect the pathogenesis of this disease, and a clear understanding of their functional roles may further elucidate the disease process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2012.02856.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,25]],"date-time":"2012-09-25T07:37:10Z","timestamp":1348558630000},"page":"665-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The characteristic expression of B7\u2010H3 and B7\u2010H4 in liver biopsies from patients with HBV\u2010related acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver 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