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Pleural fibrosis may be the consequence of an organised haemorrhagic effusion, tuberculous effusion, empyema or asbestos\u2010related pleurisy and can manifest itself as discrete localised lesions (pleural plaques) or diffuse pleural thickening and fibrosis. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, it is likely that the complex interactions between resident and inflammatory cells, profibrotic mediators and coagulation, and fibrinolytic pathways are integral to pleural remodelling and fibrosis. It is generally considered that the primary target cell for pleural fibrosis is the subpleural fibroblast. However, increasing evidence suggests that mesothelial cells may also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this condition, both by initiating inflammatory responses and producing matrix components. A greater understanding of the interactions between pleural and inflammatory cells, cytokines and growth factors, and blood derived proteins is required before adequate therapies can be developed to prevent pleural fibrosis from occurring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00633.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]],"date-time":"2004-12-16T05:12:35Z","timestamp":1103173955000},"page":"428-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Pathogenesis of pleural fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Steven E.","family":"MUTSAERS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia M.","family":"PRELE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold R.","family":"BRODY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"IDELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00403902"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.1.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Ultrahistochemical demonstration of saccharide components of complex carbohydrates at the alveolar cell surface and at the mesothelial cell surface of the pleura visceralis of mice by means of concanavalin A","volume":"8","author":"Roth J","year":"1973","journal-title":"Exp. 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