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We present a case of biopsy\u2010proven pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a patient undergoing therapy with the disease\u2010modifying antirheumatoid arthritis drug leflunomide (Arava; Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ). He was treated with whole lung lavage and discontinuation of leflunomide with good results. This is the first reported association of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with leflunomide therapy. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis should be considered in patients with diffuse lung disease that develops while on disease\u2010modifying antirheumatoid arthritis drug therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00905.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,3]],"date-time":"2006-08-03T09:46:27Z","timestamp":1154598387000},"page":"663-665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with a disease\u2010modifying antirheumatoid arthritis drug"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Noel R.","family":"WARDWELL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"MILLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine B.","family":"WARE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Israel: ethnic clustering","volume":"1","author":"Ben\u2010Dov I","year":"1999","journal-title":"Isr. 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