{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:38:13Z","timestamp":1791398293680,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]],"date-time":"2012-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and objective:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Sleep disorders are a complicated and major public health concern affecting millions of individuals. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common but still under\u2010recognized disease which can cause intermittent nocturnal hypercapnia. Neuropeptides play critical roles in neurotransmission, acting as transmitters or modulators. Results from recent studies have implicated several neuropeptides in sleep and breathing regulation, including orexin, neuropeptides Y and galanin. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of hypercapnia on these neuropeptides and their receptors in order to assess their potential role in the pathogenesis of OSA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Fifteen C57BL\/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups and exposed to moderate hypercapnia (5% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with balanced room air), or severe hypercapnia (10% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with balanced room air) or room air for 3\u2003h (9:00\u201312:00\u2003h), respectively. Immediately following exposure the brainstem and hypothalamus were excised for real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2003<\/jats:bold> In the hypothalamus gene expression including galanin, orexin and neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPYR1) was downregulated by hypercapnia. However, protein and mRNA levels of orexin\u2010A receptor were upregulated by severe hypercapnia. In the brainstem only NPYR1 mRNA expression was decreased in moderate hypercapnia compared with that in severe hypercapnia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:bold> These findings suggest that hypercapnia can affect these neuropeptides and their receptors, especially the orexin and orexin\u2010A receptor. The potential relationships between these peptides and OSA are worthy of further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02245.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]],"date-time":"2012-08-10T09:06:06Z","timestamp":1344589566000},"page":"102-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Influence of hypercapnia on the synthesis of neuropeptides and their receptors in murine brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"WEI","family":"WANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QINGYI","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YONGCHU","family":"PAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DONGLIN","family":"ZHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LIN","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"[Insomnia in general practice: the opinion of the patient and the professional]","volume":"16","author":"Mata Ruiz I","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aten. 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