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A composite primary end\u2010point (need for change of antibiotics within 72\u2003h and\/or 7 day all\u2010cause mortality) and the rate and duration of colonization by opportunistic aerobic microorganisms were assessed using hierarchical models corrected for study center and period.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the ampicillin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 36) and penicillin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 39) groups change of antibiotics, 7 day mortality and the composite end\u2010point occurred at similar rates. Neonatal intensive care unit mortality for infants with gestational age &lt;26 weeks was lower in the ampicillin group. Ampicillin treatment was associated with a higher colonization rate by <jats:italic>Klebsiella\u2003pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, including ampicillin\u2010resistant strains.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Preliminary data indicate an urgent need for adequately powered studies of early antibiotic therapy in the subpopulation of ELBW neonates at risk of EOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2011.03468.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,5]],"date-time":"2011-09-05T14:48:20Z","timestamp":1315234100000},"page":"873-880","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ampicillin versus penicillin in the empiric therapy of extremely low\u2010birthweight neonates at risk of early onset sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Tuuli","family":"Metsvaht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u2010Liis","family":"Ilmoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00dclle","family":"Parm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Merila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Maipuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piia","family":"M\u00fc\u00fcrsepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadri","family":"Julge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epp","family":"Sepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irja","family":"Lutsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"CD004495","article-title":"Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis","author":"Mtitimila EI","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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