{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1772802318339,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]],"date-time":"2006-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We evaluated 3\u2010D computed tomography angiography (3\u2010D CTA) in the diagnosis of the nutcracker phenomenon, and its significance in postoperative follow up.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Three\u2010dimensional CTA was used to compare the anatomical relations of the left renal vein with the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery in patients with the nutcracker phenomenon and in a control group. Four patients with the nutcracker phenomenon received a surgical procedure of the transposition of the left renal vein. The 3\u2010D CTA was used for all patients during postoperation follow\u2010up testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The 3\u2010D CTA showed a compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the abnormal acute angle between them. The angles and distances between the SMA and the aorta were 39.3\u2003\u00b1\u20034.3\u00b0 and 3.1\u2003\u00b1\u20030.2\u2003mm in the patient groups and 90\u2003\u00b1\u200310\u00b0 and 12\u2003\u00b1\u20031.8\u2003mm in the control groups, respectively. Differences in angles and distances were statistically significant between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Surgical transposition of the left renal vein was performed successfully. Postoperative 3\u2010D CTA revealed the distance between the SMA and the aorta was nearly normal.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The reconstruction imaging of the renal vein by means of 3\u2010D CTA revealed that unusual hematuria was due to compression of the left renal vein; therefore it may be a useful alternative imaging technique instead of conventional examinations. The non\u2010invasive 3\u2010D CTA may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of the nutcracker phenomenon and follow\u2010up testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01430.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]],"date-time":"2006-07-17T14:05:22Z","timestamp":1153145122000},"page":"870-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Nutcracker phenomenon: A new diagnostic method of multislice computed tomography angiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"WEI\u2010JUN","family":"FU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BAO\u2010FA","family":"HONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JIANG\u2010PING","family":"GAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YUE\u2010YONG","family":"XIAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YONG","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WEI","family":"CAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GANG","family":"GUO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XIAO XIONG","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000065669.98045.a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56121-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"507","article-title":"\u2018Nutcracker\u2019 phenomenon of the renal vein and venous pathology of the left kidney","volume":"55","author":"De Schepper A","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. 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