{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:57:07Z","timestamp":1787014627500,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) for bladder cancer is successful, although the precise mechanism is unclear. Natural killer (NK) cells are a candidate for BCG\u2010activated killer cells, but the roles of other T lymphocytes, such as NKT cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells, are not fully understood.\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a potent activator of both NKT cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells. However, it is known that the patient's prognosis is good if there are increased numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) in the urine after BCG therapy. Therefore, we investigated whether DCs are matured by BCG and whether BCG\u2010pulsed DCs stimulate NKT cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Na\u00efve Pan T cells were isolated form peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and DCs were obtained by culturing CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytes with granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor and interleukin\u20104. The DCs were pulsed with BCG and their maturation was measured by fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorter analysis using the CD86 antibody. Na\u00efve T lymphocytes were stimulated by coculture with BCG\u2010pulsed DCs\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro,<\/jats:italic>\n                    followed by FACS analysis to estimate the ratio and activation of NKT cells and the ratio of \u03b3\u03b4T cells. The\n                    <jats:sup>51<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cr (chromium) release assay was used to estimate the cytotoxic activity of the stimulated T cells. Cytolytic proteins in the patient's PBMCs were measured during BCG therapy using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    The DCs were matured by BCG stimulation and the number of NKT cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells increased after culturing with BCG\u2010pulsed DCs. The BCG\u2010pulsed DCs also activated the NKT cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells. Also, the lymphocytes that were cocultured with the BCG\u2010pulsed DCs showed unspecific cytotoxic activity against a bladder cancer cell line.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sensitization of NKT cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells by BCG\u2010pulsed DCs might be one of the mechanisms of BCG immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01697.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]],"date-time":"2007-06-22T00:41:00Z","timestamp":1182472860000},"page":"532-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin\u2010pulsed dendritic cells stimulate natural killer T cells and \u03b3\u03b4T cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michio","family":"Naoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanju","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58737-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.1997.tb00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199608000-00078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002620050250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.1997.tb00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01789127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"671","article-title":"Leukocytes and cytokines in the urine of superficial bladder cancer patients after immunotherapy with BCG","volume":"5","author":"De Boer EC","year":"1991","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01741551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.5.1919","article-title":"Perforin, fas ligand, and tumor necrosis factor are the major cytotoxic molecules used by lymphokine\u2010activated killer cells","volume":"157","author":"Lee RK","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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