{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:09:03Z","timestamp":1775624943876,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]],"date-time":"2012-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide insights into the pathogenesis of bladder insult secondary to bladder outlet obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six\u2010week\u2010old female<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>prague\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>awley rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200980) were divided into eight groups, 10 rats each, according to the duration of bladder outlet obstruction, including 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72\u2009h and 1\u2009week. Cystometric parameters were evaluated at 72\u2009h and 1\u2009week after bladder outlet obstruction. Bladder tissues were harvested and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>asson's trichrome staining was carried out. Each slide was inspected microscopically and the mean percent collagen area was examined. Changes of collagen deposition and pathological expression of several factors including hypoxia inducible factor\u20101\u03b1, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 and nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid of bladders were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant time\u2010dependent increase in the bladder weight after 6\u2009h and the percent of collagen area after 24\u2009h of bladder outlet obstruction were found. Increase in hypoxia inducible factor\u20101\u03b1, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21, inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid expression, time\u2010dependent increase in vascular endothelial growth factor, neuronal nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid expression after 6\u2009h of bladder outlet obstruction was found. The intercontraction interval decreased significantly after 72\u2009h of bladder outlet obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cellular remodeling in the bladder secondary to bladder outlet obstruction starts in the early hours and it includes enhanced angiogenesis and bladder relaxation. Early relief from bladder outlet obstruction is helpful to preserve bladder structure and function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2012.03217.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]],"date-time":"2012-11-06T09:56:47Z","timestamp":1352195807000},"page":"116-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Enhanced angiogenesis and relaxation of bladder as early response to bladder outlet obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yun Seob","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Medicine UBC Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Whan","family":"Doo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Institute Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung U","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Medicine UBC Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"The response of smooth muscle cells in the rabbit urinary bladder to outflow obstruction","volume":"12","author":"Brent L","year":"1975","journal-title":"Invest. 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