{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T03:34:28Z","timestamp":1794713668134,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]],"date-time":"2012-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>A<jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc><\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the anterior and posterior Tenons capsule is described.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> An observational anatomic study of twelve orbits of 6 cadavers (mean age 79.5\u2003years) were examined microscopically and 8 orbits of 4 cadavers (mean age 76.8\u2003years) were examined macroscopically. After orbital exenteration, an X\u2010shaped incision was made in the specimens to include the posterior part of the globe. The sections were divided into four parts: superomedial; inferomedial; superolateral; and inferolateral. In the macroscopically examined specimens, the eyelids and globes were removed from the exenterated tissues and the appearance of Tenons capsule was studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the microscopic study, Tenons capsule covered the sclera beneath the conjunctiva and contained smooth muscle fibres in the anterior area. This anterior fascia, which had a thick appearance, reached the globe equator. From there, the capsule of the orbital fat, which contained no smooth muscle fibres, enveloped the sclera and reached the optic nerve. This was defined as the posterior capsule. In the macroscopic specimens, Tenons capsule had a thick and fibrous white appearance in the anterior area. More posteriorly, the capsule was thinner and more translucent. This thin capsular part was generally larger in the lateral area than in the medial area.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Tenons capsule is composed of an anterior thick fibrous tissue comprising the orbital smooth muscle network and the posterior thin fibrous capsule of the orbital fat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2011.02745.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T10:55:35Z","timestamp":1323946535000},"page":"611-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Anatomy of Tenons capsule"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Kakizaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Asamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Iwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igal","family":"Leibovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181dac629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Atlas of Clinical and Surgical Anatomy","author":"Dutton JJ","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Clinical Orbital Anatomy","author":"Doxanas MT","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Human Orbit and Accessory Organs of Vision (Reprint)","author":"Whitnall SE","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Clinical Anatomy of the Eye","author":"Snell RS","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"968","article-title":"The function of Tenons capsule revisited","volume":"25","author":"Roth A","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"755","article-title":"A new concept of the orbital fascia and rectus muscle sheaths and its surgical implications","volume":"72","author":"Jones LT","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.11.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.4.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"696","article-title":"Ocular anesthesia for cataract surgery: a direct sub\u2010Tenon approach","volume":"21","author":"Hansen EA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b8dd2b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000175034.88019.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"1280","article-title":"Evidence for active control of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys","volume":"41","author":"Demer JL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181647cb2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318166f555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Evidence for fibromuscular pulleys of the recti extraocular muscles","volume":"36","author":"Demer JL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/3.3.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199807000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:6<390::AID-CA4>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200005000-00015"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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