{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:30:13Z","timestamp":1791891013708,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of two or more testes. It is a rare anomaly with approximately 77 cases reported in the literature. Polyorchidism is frequently associated with additional urological pathologies such as undescended testis, inguinal hernia, testicular torsion, hydrocoele, malignancy and infertility. Differential diagnosis includes spermatocoele, hydrocoele, epididymal cysts or aberrant epididymis. We report on an interesting case of polyorchidism in a 15\u2010year\u2010old man diagnosed on ultrasound and we review the literature and current management of polyorchidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-1433.2004.03250.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1101913824000},"page":"1130-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Polyorchidism: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Lawrentschuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)91059-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.835.317-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64868-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38344-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830050247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(92)90220-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Polyorchidism","volume":"38","author":"Leung AK","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. 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