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Dutch society was cosmopolitan and supported great painters, philosophers and scientists. In these astonishing years, the physician Nicolaes Tulp [1593\u20131674] practised medicine in Amsterdam and, in 1641, published a book of his medical observations. This book ran into many editions; the Cowlishaw collection contains one of the last, dated 1716. Tulp is best known as the chief figure in a famous painting by Rembrandt, but his book has been studied by medical historians as a source of early descriptions of cranial surgery, spina bifida, vesical calculi, beriberi and many other conditions. The book is also a mirror of Dutch society in a great period in European history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2007.04327.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,29]],"date-time":"2007-10-29T00:15:16Z","timestamp":1193616916000},"page":"1095-1101","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NICOLAES TULP AND THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Donald","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","article-title":"Observationes medicae. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]","author":"Tulpius N","year":"1716","journal-title":"Joh. du Vivie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MellickS.Dr Nicolaes Tulp of Amsterdam (1593\u20131674). 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