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We undertook a review of the literature to determine if an endovascular approach could complement the traditional treatment of aortocaval fistula (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content>), a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was undertaken on PubMed using appropriate search terms. Case series and reviews reporting presentation, diagnosis and operative management (open and endovascular techniques) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content> were selected and discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Open surgical treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content> has an associated morbidity and mortality \u2013 mainly from excessive blood loss. Open repair mortality rates are reported around 30%, but some centres report far lower rates based on preoperative diagnosis of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content>. These rates appear to be reduced when using endovascular repair in selected cases, with success rates of up to 96%. Reiteration of the importance of diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content> preoperatively was the common denominator with both open and endovascular repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endovascular exclusion appears to be an efficacious means of treating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content> and averting the significant blood loss commonly encountered in conventional repair of these lesions. However, some reviews have suggested equal success with open repair. There is limited available published literature on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACF<\/jats:styled-content> management and outcome, and likely reporting bias attached to both open and endovascular results that are published. With a randomized controlled trial unlikely to occur, a prospective registry may provide better outcome data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2012.06294.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T02:58:54Z","timestamp":1350442734000},"page":"31-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Aortocaval fistula: current management strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Brightwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Royal Brisbane &amp; Women's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biosurgery, Oncology and Technology Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Pegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Boyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Royal Brisbane &amp; Women's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780412"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1016489"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80117-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"The spontaneous aortocaval fistula: a complication of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. 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