{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:58:25Z","timestamp":1757703505535},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The multifactorial etiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) impedes development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. Herein, we evaluated the effects of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV\u20102), a suspected BV risk factor, on vaginal flora composition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Correlations between HSV\u20102 infection and BV were prospectively explored among 12 HSV\u20102\u2010seropositive women with asymptomatic BV who were asked to collect daily vaginal swab specimens for Gram stain analysis of vaginal flora and determination of HSV\u20102 shedding frequencies during the 1\u2003month before and after metronidazole therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Unlike prior longitudinal studies that reported rapid fluctuations in vaginal flora composition and frequent episodes of spontaneously resolving BV, we found that 99.4% (310\/312) of vaginal smears collected before initiation of metronidazole were consistent with a diagnosis of BV. Effectiveness of metronidazole therapy was also much lower than previously reported in studies not restricting enrollment to HSV\u20102\u2010seropositive women; we observed a BV recurrence rate of 89% in the first month after completion of therapy while the median time to this recurrence occurred only 14\u2003days after treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our study demonstrates BV recalcitrance among HSV\u20102\u2010infected women and provides additional evidence for a linkage between this chronic viral infection and abnormal vaginal flora. Additional work will be needed to define mechanisms responsible for this correlation and to determine if vaginal flora health of HSV\u20102\u2010infected women is improved by medications that suppress HSV\u20102 shedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01697.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T08:28:12Z","timestamp":1323073692000},"page":"77-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recalcitrance of bacterial vaginosis among herpes\u2010simplex\u2010virus\u2010type\u20102\u2010seropositive women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Stoner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth D.","family":"Reighard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo D. 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