{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T06:25:42Z","timestamp":1763619942699},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Obstet and Gynaecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the first trimester remains a major life\u2010threatening complication for the mother. We aim to determine whether serum reproductive hormones may be clinically useful in the early identification of a tubal EP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 109 age\u2010matched patients with a serum \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010hCG) concentration &lt;2000\u2003IU\/L were enrolled, including 68 patients with a tubal EP, 22 with a viable intrauterine pregnancy (vIUP) and 19 with a non\u2010viable intrauterine pregnancy (nIUP). Serum was collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and assayed for \u03b2\u2010hCG, follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TE), progesterone (P), estradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and prolactin (PRL) by using automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patients with an EP had significantly lower levels of daily \u03b2\u2010hCG variation (\u0394\u03b2\u2010hCG\/day), P and E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and significantly higher levels of LH and FSH than IUP patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). As an EP diagnostic marker, progesterone demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% at the cutoff of 86.01\u2003nmol\/L. The combination of E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with \u0394\u03b2\u2010hCG\/day reached a specificity of 100% for EP evaluation. To identify non\u2010viable pregnancies (including EPs and nIUPs), progesterone demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.40% and a specificity of 90.91% at the cutoff of 63.2\u2003nmol\/L; the diagnostic power of the receiver operating curve was 0.9702.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A combination of \u0394\u03b2\u2010hCG\/day, P and E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may help distinguish EPs and nIUPs from vIUPs, facilitating earlier diagnosis and the timely implementation of medical treatment to prevent tubal rupture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.02001.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T09:09:37Z","timestamp":1352884177000},"page":"528-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical utility of serum reproductive hormones for the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the first trimester"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chun","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng\u2010Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiu\u2010Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02142-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30718-6","article-title":"Ultrasound 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