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In rats, IB4\u2013saporin (2.5\u2003\u00b5<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) or vehicle was administered through an intrathecal catheter implanted at the level of the L6\u2013S1 spinal cord. Three weeks after IB4\u2013saporin administration, cystometry in conscious animals revealed a reduction in bladder overactive responses induced by intravesical capsaicin or ATP infusion without affecting normal voiding function. In histochemical studies, double staining for IB4 and saporin was detected in L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons 2\u2003days after the treatment. Three weeks after the treatment, the area in lamina II of the L6 spinal cord stained with IB4 was significantly reduced compared with the area stained in control rats. The staining in the L1 spinal cord was not affected. The percentage of neurons in the L6 DRG intensely labeled with IB4 was also reduced in IB4\u2013saporin\u2010treated rats. These results indicate that intrathecal treatment with the IB4\u2013saporin conjugate at the level of L6\u2013S1 spinal cord, which reduces IB4 afferent nerve terminal staining in lamina II of the L6 spinal cord as well as the number of IB4\u2010binding neurons in L6 DRG, suppressed bladder overactivity induced by bladder irritation without affecting normal micturition. Thus targeting IB4\u2010binding, non\u2010peptidergic afferent pathways sensitive to capsaicin and adenosine 5\u2032\u2010triphosphate may be an effective treatment for overactivity and\/or pain responses in the bladder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03508.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,2]],"date-time":"2004-07-02T14:27:14Z","timestamp":1088778434000},"page":"474-482","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Effects of isolectin B4\u2010conjugated saporin, a targeting cytotoxin, on bladder overactivity induced by bladder 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