{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:12:32Z","timestamp":1772838752833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,28]],"date-time":"2005-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus\u2010pineal system acts as a neuroendocrine transducer of seasonal changes in the photoperiod by regulating melatonin formation. In the present study, we have investigated the extent to which the photoperiod entrains the nonself\u2010cycling oscillator in the Sprague\u2013Dawley rat pineal. For this purpose, the 24\u2010h expression of nine clock genes (<jats:italic>bmal1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>clock<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>per1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>per2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>per3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cry1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cry2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>dec1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>dec2<\/jats:italic>) and the <jats:italic>aa\u2010nat<\/jats:italic> gene was monitored under light\u2010dark 8\u2003:\u200316 and light\u2010dark 16\u2003:\u20038 in the rat pineal by using real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR. The 24\u2010h pattern of the expression of only <jats:italic>per1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>dec2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aa\u2010nat<\/jats:italic> genes was affected by photoperiod. In comparison with the short photoperiod, the duration of elevated expression under the long photoperiod was elongated for <jats:italic>per1<\/jats:italic> and shortened for <jats:italic>dec2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aa\u2010nat<\/jats:italic>. For each of the genes, photoperiod\u2010dependent variations partly persisted under constant darkness. Therefore, the pineal clockwork appears to memorize the photoperiod of prior entrained cycles. The findings of the present study indicate that the nonself\u2010cycling oscillator of the rat pineal is entrained by photoperiodic information and therefore that it participates in seasonal timekeeping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04040.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,13]],"date-time":"2005-05-13T08:29:15Z","timestamp":1115972955000},"page":"2297-2304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The photoperiod entrains the molecular clock of the rat pineal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Lorenzkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Rohleder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Spessert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.8.2208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7527589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00667.1997","article-title":"Resetting the biological clock: mediation of nocturnal CREB phosphorylation via light, glutamate, and nitric oxide","volume":"7","author":"Ding J.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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