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Rats were anaesthetized with halothane, sodium pentobarbital or 100% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> narcosis, or were cervically dislocated and within 5\u2003min perfused and the brains processed immunohistochemically for pERK1\/2\u2010ir. p\u2010ERK1\/2\u2010ir was primarily observed in regions associated with cardiovascular and\/or respiratory control. Several regions consistently showed dense p\u2010ERK1\/2 labelling, including a restricted region of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). In contrast, other regions showed differential labelling depending on the mode of death. Cervical dislocation showed the least VLM labelling, limited to a discrete area approximately 0.6\u20131.4\u2003mm caudal to the facial nucleus. Anaesthetics induced labelling throughout the VLM, with halothane inducing the most. Many p\u2010ERK1\/2\u2010ir VLM neurons were catecholaminergic following halothane or sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia, but no double labelling was seen following cervical dislocation. Of the anaesthetics, sodium pentobarbital induced the least labelling and was used subsequently. Intravenous hydralazine was used to induce a 20\u2010min period of hypotension, whereas arterial pressure did not change in vehicle\u2010treated animals. Hydralazine evoked more pERK\u2010ir neurons in specific regions, including the VLM, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), parabrachial nuclei, Kolliker\u2010Fuse nucleus and locus coeruleus. Approximately twice as many p\u2010ERK1\/2\u2010positive neurons were seen in the intermediate NTS and rostral VLM following hydralazine compared with the vehicle. In conclusion, p\u2010ERK1\/2\u2010ir identifies neurons in central autonomic regions, and their number and distribution are markedly affected by anaesthetics, and are increased in some regions by short\u2010term hypotension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04413.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T13:56:58Z","timestamp":1130853418000},"page":"2257-2270","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hypotension and short\u2010term anaesthesia induce ERK1\/2 phosphorylation in autonomic nuclei of the brainstem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Springell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie S.","family":"Costin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Pilowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann K.","family":"Goodchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140100230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1985.248.1.E95"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)90070-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01405-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-07017.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02981-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903480309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003390200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-10-03584.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90308-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7737","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07737.2002","article-title":"Phosphorylation of extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase in primary afferent neurons by noxious stimuli and its involvement in peripheral sensitisation","volume":"22","author":"Dai Y.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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