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Therefore, we studied the effect of VNO removal (VNOx) on the ability of female mice to discriminate between volatile and non\u2010volatile odours of conspecifics of the two sexes and in different endocrine states using Y\u2010maze tests. VNOx female mice were able to reliably distinguish between male and female or male and gonadectomized (gdx) male volatile odours. However, when subjects had to discriminate between male and female or gdx male non\u2010volatile odours, VNOx females were no longer able to discriminate between sex or different endocrine status. These results thus show that the VNO is primarily involved in the detection and processing of non\u2010volatile odours, and that female mice can use volatile odours detected and processed by the main olfactory system for mate recognition. However, VNO inputs are needed to promote contact with the male, including facilitation of lordosis responses to his mounts. A single subcutaneous injection with gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) partially reversed the deficit in lordosis behaviour observed in VNOx females suggesting that VNO inputs may reach hypothalamic GnRH neurons to influence the display of sexual behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04589.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T20:37:05Z","timestamp":1137616625000},"page":"521-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["The vomeronasal organ is required for the expression of lordosis behaviour, but not sex discrimination in female mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Pierman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Douhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20050404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9104","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-09104.2002","article-title":"The aromatase knock\u2010out mouse provides new evidence that estradiol is required during development in the female for the expression of sociosexual behaviours in adulthood","volume":"22","author":"Bakker J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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