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Here we examined the effects of STN lesions on two measures of impulsivity and found that STN lesions increased \u2018impulsive action\u2019 (produced behavioral disinhibition), as measured by performance on a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task, but decreased \u2018impulsive choice\u2019 (impulsive decision making), as measured by a delay discounting task. In addition, amphetamine and food restriction increased \u2018impulsive action\u2019 and decreased \u2018impulsive choice\u2019 to a greater extent in STN\u2010lesioned animals than in sham controls. We speculate that these apparently discrepant effects may be because STN lesions enhance the incentive salience assigned to rewards. These findings suggest that the STN may serve as a novel target for the treatment of psychological disorders characterized by deficits in behavioral control, such as drug addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05117.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,24]],"date-time":"2006-10-24T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1161706970000},"page":"2345-2354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Subthalamic nucleus lesions increase impulsive action and decrease impulsive choice\u2003\u2212\u2003mediation by enhanced incentive motivation?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Uslaner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry E.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00065-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-10-06531.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00562.2002","article-title":"Enhanced food\u2010related motivation after bilateral lesions of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Baunez C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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