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We have identified galectin\u20101, a galactose\u2010binding lectin, as a potential neuroprotective factor secreted by astrocytes. Our results show that both native and recombinant galectin\u20101 protects mouse and rat cerebellar neurons from the toxic effects of glutamate. Galectin\u20101 applied to neurons increased their expression of the NMDA receptor NR1 and increased the proportion of the NR1a subunit subtype while antisense knockdown of the NR1a receptor blocked the neuroprotective effect of galectin\u20101. This effect of the protein was dependent upon it carbohydrate recognition domain, suggesting that the protein acts in a reduced dimerized form. In addition, galectin\u20101 caused a decreased expression of PKC associated with increased resistance to glutamate toxicity. These results suggest that the astrocytic lectin galectin\u20101 could protect neurons against the effects of excitotoxicity as seen in stroke and ischemic injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05207.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]],"date-time":"2006-12-12T23:47:36Z","timestamp":1165967256000},"page":"3017-3025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mouse galectin\u20101 inhibits the toxicity of glutamate by modifying NR1 NMDA receptor expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tamuna","family":"Lekishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Hesketh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus W.","family":"Brazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31891-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1999.0751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199609)18:1<59::AID-GLIA6>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380345a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.6.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68041640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.5.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90316-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101740200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Concanavalin A increases N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate\u2010induced Ca2+ influx in cerebellar granule cells in culture","volume":"47","author":"Danysz W.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pol. 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