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The striatum receives glutamatergic inputs from the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Using vesicular glutamate transporters (vGluTs) 1 and 2 as markers of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal afferents, respectively, we examined changes in the synaptology and relative prevalence of striatal glutamatergic inputs in methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)\u2010treated monkeys using electron microscopic immunoperoxidase and confocal immunofluorescence methods. Our findings demonstrate that the prevalence of vGluT1\u2010containing terminals is significantly increased in the striatum of MPTP\u2010treated monkeys (51.9\u2003\u00b1\u20033.5% to 66.5\u2003\u00b1\u20033.4% total glutamatergic boutons), without any significant change in the pattern of synaptic connectivity; more than 95% of vGluT1\u2010immunolabeled terminals formed axo\u2010spinous synapses in both conditions. In contrast, the prevalence of vGluT2\u2010immunoreactive terminals did not change after MPTP treatment (21.7\u2003\u00b1\u20031.3% vs. 21.6\u2003\u00b1\u20031.2% total glutamatergic boutons). However, a substantial increase in the ratio of axo\u2010spinous to axo\u2010dendritic synapses formed by vGluT2\u2010immunoreactive terminals was found in the pre\u2010caudate and post\u2010putamen striatal regions of MPTP\u2010treated monkeys, suggesting a certain degree of synaptic reorganization of the thalamostriatal system in parkinsonism. About 20% of putative glutamatergic terminals did not show immunoreactivity in striatal tissue immunostained for both vGluT1 and vGluT2, suggesting the expression of another vGluT in these boutons. These findings provide striking evidence that suggests a differential degree of plasticity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal system in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06136.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]],"date-time":"2008-03-31T09:45:14Z","timestamp":1206956714000},"page":"1647-1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Differential synaptic plasticity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal systems in an MPTP\u2010treated monkey model of parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dinesh V.","family":"Raju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd H.","family":"Ahern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deep J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Standaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoland","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)80020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1996.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5481.957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90471-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-12-04752.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2003.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Differing effects of N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptor subtype selective antagonists on dyskinesias in levodopa\u2010treated 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u2010tetrahydropyridine monkeys","volume":"290","author":"Blanchet P.J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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