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Here, we sought to identify sympathetic premotor neurons that mediate a hyperthermic response to social defeat stress, a psychological stress model. Intruder rats that were defeated by a dominant resident conspecific exhibited a rapid increase in abdominal temperature by up to 2.0\u200a\u00b0C. In these defeated rats, we found that expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was increased in the rostral medullary raphe region centered in the rostral raphe pallidus and adjacent raphe magnus nuclei. In this region, Fos expression was observed in a large population of neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter\u20033 (VGLUT3), which are known as sympathetic premotor neurons controlling non\u2010shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and thermoregulatory constriction of skin blood vessels, and also in a small population of tryptophan hydroxylase\u2010positive serotonergic neurons. Intraperitoneal injection of diazepam, an anxiolytic agent, but not indomethacin, an antipyretic, significantly reduced both the stress\u2010induced hyperthermia and Fos expression in these medullary raphe neuronal populations. Systemic blockade of \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoreceptors, which are abundantly expressed in BAT, also attenuated the stress\u2010induced hyperthermia. These results suggest that psychological stress signals activate VGLUT3\u2010expressing medullary raphe sympathetic premotor neurons, which then drive hyperthermic effector responses including BAT thermogenesis through \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoreceptors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07863.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]],"date-time":"2011-10-06T23:46:28Z","timestamp":1317944788000},"page":"1442-1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Social defeat stress induces hyperthermia through activation of thermoregulatory sympathetic premotor neurons in the medullary raphe region"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Battuvshin","family":"Lkhagvasuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Sudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00459-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Colonic temperature of rats during handling","volume":"20","author":"Briese E.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. 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