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The present study demonstrates <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> that activity\u2010dependent bidirectional plasticity of the sAHP does not require synaptic activation, and depends on the pattern of action potential firing. Whole\u2010cell current\u2010clamp recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices from young rats (postnatal days14\u201324) were performed in blockers of synaptic transmission. The sAHP was evoked by action potential firing at gamma\u2010related (50\u2003Hz, gamma\u2010AHP) or theta frequencies (5\u2003Hz, theta\u2010AHP), two firing frequencies implicated in attention and memory. Interestingly, when the gamma\u2010AHP and theta\u2010AHP were evoked in the same cell, a gradual potentiation of the gamma\u2010AHP (186\u2003\u00b1\u200331%) was observed that was blocked using Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel blockers nimodipine (10\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) or \u03c9\u2010conotoxin MVIIC (1\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>). In experiments that exclusively evoked the sAHP with 50\u2003Hz firing, the gamma\u2010AHP was similarly potentiated (198\u2003\u00b1\u200344%). However, theta\u2010burst firing pattern alone resulted in a decrease (65\u2003\u00b1\u200319%) of the sAHP. In these experiments, application of the h\u2010channel blocker ZD7288 (25\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) selectively prevented enhancement of the gamma\u2010AHP. These data demonstrate that induction requirements for bidirectional AHP plasticity depend on the pattern of action potential firing, and result from distinct mechanisms. The identification of novel mechanisms underlying AHP plasticity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> provides additional insight into the dynamic processes that may regulate neuronal excitability during learning <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07899.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]],"date-time":"2011-11-21T05:02:43Z","timestamp":1321851763000},"page":"1756-1765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Bidirectional pattern\u2010specific plasticity of the slow afterhyperpolarization in rats: role for high\u2010voltage activated Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channels and I<sub>h<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"C. 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