{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:52:27Z","timestamp":1778885547832,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuronal activity elicits metabolic and vascular responses, during which oxygen is first consumed and then supplied to the tissue via an increase in cerebral blood flow. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of blood and tissue oxygen (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu1.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>) responses following neuronal activity is crucial for understanding the physiological basis of functional neuroimaging signals. However, our knowledge is limited because previous <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu2.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> measurements have been made at low temporal resolution (&gt;100\u2003ms). Here we recorded <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu3.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> at high temporal resolution (1\u2003ms), simultaneously with co\u2010localized field potentials, at several cortical depths from the whisker region of the somatosensory cortex in anaesthetized rats and mice. Stimulation of the whiskers produced rapid, laminar\u2010specific changes in <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu4.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>. Positive <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu5.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> responses (i.e. increases) were observed in the superficial layers within 50\u2003ms of stimulus onset, faster than previously reported. Negative <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu6.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> responses (i.e. decreases) were observed in the deeper layers, with maximal amplitude in layer IV, within 40\u2003ms of stimulus onset. The amplitude of the negative, but not the positive, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu7.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> response correlated with local field potential amplitude. Disruption of neurovascular coupling, via nitric oxide synthase inhibition, abolished positive <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu8.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> responses to whisker stimulation in the superficial layers and increased negative <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu9.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> responses in all layers. Our data show that <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EJN_7927_mu10.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> responses occur rapidly following neuronal activity and are laminar dependent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07927.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T08:49:16Z","timestamp":1323766156000},"page":"1983-1996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Close temporal coupling of neuronal activity and tissue oxygen responses in rodent whisker barrel cortex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego S.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Louise Upton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Tricklebank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Fillenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Lowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Bannerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01868-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902630209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.4.832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(01)00306-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen","author":"Hitchman M.L.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"R914","article-title":"7\u2010Nitroindazole attenuates vasodilation from cerebellar parallel fiber stimulation but not acetylcholine","volume":"270","author":"Iadecola C.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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