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At the time of injury, BDNF, NT\u20103 or green fluorescent protein (GFP) (control) was delivered to the lesion via adeno\u2010associated virus (AAV) constructs. AAV\u2013BDNF was significantly more effective than AAV\u2013NT\u20103 in eliciting locomotion. In fact, AAV\u2013BDNF\u2010treated rats displayed plantar, weight\u2010supported hindlimb stepping on a stationary platform, that is, without the assistance of a moving treadmill and without step training. Rats receiving AAV\u2013NT\u20103 or AAV\u2013GFP were incapable of hindlimb stepping during this task, despite provision of balance support. AAV\u2013NT\u20103 treatment did promote the recovery of treadmill\u2010assisted stepping, but this required continuous perineal stimulation. In addition, AAV\u2013BDNF\u2010treated rats were sensitized to noxious heat, whereas AAV\u2013NT\u20103\u2010treated and AAV\u2013GFP\u2010treated rats were not. Notably, AAV\u2013BDNF\u2010treated rats also developed hindlimb spasticity, detracting from its potential clinical applicability via the current viral delivery method. Intracellular recording from triceps surae motoneurons revealed that AAV\u2013BDNF significantly reduced motoneuron rheobase, suggesting that AAV\u2013BDNF promoted the recovery of over\u2010ground stepping by enhancing neuronal excitability. Elevated nuclear c\u2010Fos expression in interneurons located in the L2 intermediate zone after AAV\u2013BDNF treatment indicated increased activation of interneurons in the vicinity of the locomotor central pattern generator. AAV\u2013NT\u20103 treatment reduced motoneuron excitability, with little change in c\u2010Fos expression. These results support the potential for BDNF delivery at the lesion site to reorganize locomotor circuits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07950.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T06:56:09Z","timestamp":1325228169000},"page":"221-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Differential effects of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin\u20103 on hindlimb function in paraplegic rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Vanessa S.","family":"Boyce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihye","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred H.","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorne M.","family":"Mendell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abramoff M.D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8706","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08706.2003","article-title":"Chronic neurotrophin\u20103 strengthens synaptic connections to motoneurons in the neonatal rat","volume":"23","author":"Arvanian V.L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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