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As the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) plays a key role in the sensorimotor processing involved in shaping finger movements and has many projections onto the primary motor cortex (M1), we hypothesized that the PMv\u2013M1 connections might play a role in surround inhibition. A paired\u2010pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm was used in order to evaluate and compare the PMv\u2013M1 interactions during different phases (rest, preparation and execution) of an index finger movement in patients with FHD and controls. A sub\u2010threshold conditioning pulse (80% resting motor threshold) was applied to the PMv at 6\u2003ms before M1 stimulation. The right abductor pollicis brevis, a surround muscle, was the target muscle. In healthy controls, the results showed that PMv stimulation induced an ipsilateral ventral premotor\u2013motor inhibition at rest. This cortico\u2010cortical interaction changed into an early facilitation (100\u2003ms before movement onset) and turned back to inhibition 50\u2003ms later. In patients with FHD, this PMv\u2013M1 interaction and its modulation were absent. Our results show that, although the ipsilateral ventral premotor\u2013motor inhibition does not play a key role in the genesis of surround inhibition, PMv has a dynamic influence on M1 excitability during the early steps of motor execution. The impaired cortico\u2010cortical interactions observed in patients with FHD might contribute, at least in part, to the abnormal motor command.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07960.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T07:59:10Z","timestamp":1327996750000},"page":"478-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The differential modulation of the ventral premotor\u2013motor interaction during movement initiation is deficient in patients with focal hand dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Elise","family":"Houdayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Karabanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brach","family":"Poston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-33081-4_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01874.1990","article-title":"Quantitative autoradiography reveals selective changes in cerebellar GABA receptors of the rat mutant dystonic","volume":"10","author":"Beales M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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