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We hypothesized that a RSC population, similar to the adult CE\u2010derived RSC, is contained within pigmented colonies that arise in long\u2010term cultures of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) suggested to recapitulate retinal development <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Single pigmented hESC\u2010derived cells were isolated and plated in serum\u2010free media containing growth factors and, after 2\u2003weeks, clonal sphere colonies containing both pigmented and non\u2010pigmented cells were observed. These colonies expressed the early retinal transcription factors Rx, Chx10 and Pax6, and could be dissociated and replated as single cells to form secondary clonal colonies. When allowed to differentiate, expression of markers for both RPE and neurons was observed. Rhodopsin expression was detected after explant co\u2010culture and transplantation into the developing mouse eye as well as following treatment with soluble factors <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. We show that RSCs emerge in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model of retinal development and are a potential source of human photoreceptors for use in transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08123.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T17:07:09Z","timestamp":1337274429000},"page":"1951-1959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Generation and clonal isolation of retinal stem cells from human embryonic stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Ballios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"van der 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