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As a possible index of plasticity, we assessed the modulation of motor corticospinal excitability in individuals with Asperger\u2019s syndrome (AS) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We measured the modulatory effects of theta\u2010burst stimulation (TBS) on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single\u2010pulse TMS in individuals with AS as compared with age\u2010, gender\u2010 and IQ\u2010matched neurotypical controls. The effect of TBS lasted significantly longer in the AS group. The duration of the TBS\u2010induced modulation alone enabled the reliable classification of a second study cohort of subjects as AS or neurotypical. The alteration in the modulation of corticospinal excitability in AS is thought to reflect aberrant mechanisms of plasticity, and might provide a valuable future diagnostic biomarker for the disease and ultimately offer a target for novel therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08172.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T09:43:15Z","timestamp":1340876595000},"page":"2782-2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Abnormal modulation of corticospinal excitability in adults with Asperger\u2019s 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