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Here we investigated the effects of NPS in mice subjected to the elevated T maze (ETM), an assay which has been proposed to model anxiety and panic. Diazepam [1\u2003mg\/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] elicited clear anxiolytic effects reducing the latency to emerge from the closed to the open (CO) arm without modifying the latencies from the open to the closed (OC) arm. By contrast, chronic fluoxetine (10\u2003mg\/kg i.p., once a day for 21\u2003days) selectively increased OC latency, suggesting a panicolytic\u2010like effect. NPS given intracerebroventricularly at 0.001\u20131\u2003nmol elicited both anxiolytic\u2010 and panicolytic\u2010like effects. However, although the NPS anxiolytic dose\u2013response curve displayed the classical sigmoidal shape, the dose\u2013response curve of the putative panicolytic\u2010like effect was bell shaped with peak effect at 0.01\u2003nmol. The behaviour of wild\u2010type [NPSR(+\/+)] and receptor knock out [NPSR(\u2212\/\u2212)] mice in the ETM task was superimposable. NPS at 0.01\u2003nmol elicited anxiolytic\u2010 and panicolytic\u2010like effects in NPSR(+\/+) but not in NPSR(\u2212\/\u2212) mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NPS, via selective activation of the NPSR, promotes both anxiolytic\u2010 and panicolytic\u2010like actions in the mouse ETM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08265.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,29]],"date-time":"2012-08-29T06:41:21Z","timestamp":1346222481000},"page":"3531-3537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Anxiolytic\u2010 and panicolytic\u2010like effects of Neuropeptide S in the mouse elevated T\u2010maze"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Pulga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Ruzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remo","family":"Guerrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girolamo","family":"Calo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00174.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01276-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00200-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.143867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(03)00184-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.562200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"The elevated T maze, a new experimental model of anxiety and memory: effect of diazepam","volume":"26","author":"Graeff F.G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Braz. 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