{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:06:00Z","timestamp":1773288360726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]],"date-time":"2004-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1098403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic tool for pediatric pulmonologists. Because of its favorable respiratory profile, ketamine has become a popular sedative for this procedure, but may be associated with unpleasant emergence reactions in the older child. Remifentanil is a newer, ultra\u2010short acting opioid that has been shown to provide effective sedation and cough suppression for fiberoptic bronchoscopy when combined with intermittent propofol boluses. However, delivery of these agents as a combined, single infusion has not been described.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Children \u22652\u2003years of age undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy were enrolled. Remifentanil was mixed in a single syringe with undiluted propofol giving final drug concentrations of 10\u2003mg\u00b7ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of propofol and 15\u201320\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\u00b7ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of remifentanil. Sedation was induced with a bolus of approximately 0.1\u2003ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of this mixture and maintained by titrating the drip throughout the procedure. Vital signs, sedative effectiveness, recovery patterns, and complications were prospectively recorded.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Fifteen patients aged 9.0\u2003\u00b1\u20035.3\u2003years were sedated. Sedation was induced with 1.2\u2003\u00b1\u20030.4\u2003mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> propofol (2.4\u2003\u00b1\u20030.8\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> remifentanil) and maintained with 4.1\u2003\u00b1\u20031.8\u2003mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> propofol (0.13\u2003\u00b1\u20030.06\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> remifentanil). Five patients received low\u2010dose ketamine to augment sedation. The maximal decrease in respiratory rate was 6.1\u2003\u00b1\u20035.3\u2003b\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (27.6\u2003\u00b1\u200321%) and no patient became hypoxemic. All procedures were completed easily without significant complication. Patients recovered to baseline 13.3\u2003\u00b1\u20038.5\u2003min following infusion discontinuation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> :\u2002A remifentanil\/propofol mixture provided effective sedation and rapid recovery in pediatric patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01355.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,23]],"date-time":"2004-10-23T13:15:28Z","timestamp":1098537328000},"page":"941-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Use of a remifentanil\u2013propofol mixture for pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy sedation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"John W.","family":"Berkenbosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin R.","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zarah","family":"Ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199704)23:4<261::AID-PPUL3>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10081761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199609000-00038","article-title":"Remifentanil: a novel. 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