{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:06:17Z","timestamp":1761487577410},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,11]],"date-time":"2006-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold> :\u2002We hypothesized that without the analgesic effects of volatile anesthetics, caudal 0.20% ropivacaine would be less effective during surgical stimulation than 0.20% bupivacaine or 0.20% levobupivacaine. This trial was designed to examine whether the combination of a caudal block with 0.20% ropivacaine and i.v. anesthesia resulted in reduced analgesic efficacy during surgery compared with caudal 0.20% levobupivacaine or 0.20% bupivacaine in children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Ninety ASA I\u2013II children between 1 and 7\u2003years old, scheduled for inguinal hernia repair or orchidopexy under propofol anesthesia were randomized to receive a caudal block with 1\u2003ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of 0.2% bupivacaine, 0.2% ropivacaine or 0.2% levobupivacaine. The primary outcome measure of the study was the clinical efficacy of the caudal block during surgery. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative pain relief and residual motor blockade.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Four children were excluded and 86 were analyzed. The proportion of children with effective caudal block during surgery was significantly higher in children receiving levobupivacaine (26\/28) or bupivacaine (27\/29) compared with patients receiving ropivacaine (21\/29) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.03). There were no significant differences among groups in the analgesic onset time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.1), incidence of residual motor blockade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.4), number of patients requiring analgesia after operation or in the time from caudal injection to the first administration of analgesic medication (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003 0.3).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Combined with propofol anesthesia, 0.2% levobupivacaine and 0.2% bupivacaine are more effective than 0.2% ropivacaine for caudal use in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair or orchidopexy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.01903.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,23]],"date-time":"2006-04-23T15:43:50Z","timestamp":1145807030000},"page":"955-961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Caudal 0.2% ropivacaine is less effective during surgery than 0.2% levobupivacaine and 0.2% bupivacaine: a double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"PABLO M.","family":"INGELMO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BRUNO G.","family":"LOCATELLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VALTER","family":"SONZOGNI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHIARA","family":"GATTONI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ALBERTO","family":"CADISCO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MONIA","family":"LORINI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GLORIA 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