{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T22:40:15Z","timestamp":1711924815016},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conducting clinical pharmacology research studies in pediatric patients is challenging because of ethical and practical constraints but necessary to ensure that drugs are used safely and effectively in this population. Developments in laboratory analytical techniques, such as improved assay sensitivity and the use of alternative sample matrices, can reduce blood loss and offer less invasive blood sampling, causing less trauma to the patient and fewer ethical concerns. Recent advances in data analysis techniques, which aim to extract the maximum amount of useful information from small sample numbers, should be considered when planning a clinical trial and incorporated into the study design. Using \u2018population\u2019 methodology allows a more flexible sampling strategy that enables valuable data to be collected in the course of routine clinical practice, rather than in a rigid, and potentially artificial, setting. Integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the application of physiological approaches and simulation techniques to the analysis and interpretation of drug concentration and effect data offer new opportunities that have particular relevance to pharmacological research in the field of pediatric anesthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03436.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T13:49:56Z","timestamp":1288360196000},"page":"190-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Designing simple PK\u2013PD studies in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alison H.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry L.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b14101-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"European Commission.Ethical considerations for clinical trials on medicinal products conducted with the paediatric population. Recommendations of the ad hoc group for the development of implementing guidelines for Directive 2001\/20\/EC relating to good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products for human use.2008.ftp:\/\/ftp.cordis.europa.eu\/pub\/fp7\/docs\/ethical\u2010considerations\u2010paediatrics_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.177592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","article-title":"Microassay of drugs\/modern measurement techniques","author":"Millership J","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3181c80a68"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-005-0014-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","article-title":"Circadian rhythms","author":"Potts A","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","article-title":"Drugs with extracorporeal circuits","author":"Mulla H","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","article-title":"Developmental pharmacogenomics","author":"Kearns G","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","article-title":"The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in paediatric clinical pharmacology: some applications of Simcyp Paediatric from drug development to clinical practice","author":"Johnson T","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0997-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425250802691074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.9.1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200645100-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200645090-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","article-title":"Review of bottom\u2010up, knowledge driven approaches to guiding first\u2010in\u2010children dosing","author":"Edginton AN","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1989.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32832c3c6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","first-page":"1109","article-title":"The relationship between bispectral index and propofol during target\u2010controlled infusion anesthesia: a comparative study between children and young adults","volume":"106","author":"Rigouzzo A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2009.00456.x","article-title":"Incorporating physiological and biochemical mechanisms into pharmacokinetic\u2010pharmacodynamic models: a conceptual framework","volume":"106","author":"Dahl SG","year":"2009","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","article-title":"Propofol PK\u2010PD in children","author":"Rigby\u2010Jones A","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","article-title":"Developmental modelling\u2026 some tips and traps","author":"Anderson B","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9592.2010.03436.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03436.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T22:07:59Z","timestamp":1711922879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03436.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03436.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03436.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]]}}}