{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:15:25Z","timestamp":1773112525594,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,29]],"date-time":"2010-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We determined the postoperative pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and analgesic effects of ketorolac in 14 infants (aged &lt;6\u2003months) receiving a single intravenous (IV) administration of racemic ketorolac or placebo.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Information on the PK of ketorolac in infants is limited. Unblinded studies suggest ketorolac may be useful in infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled study enrolled 14 infants (aged &lt;6\u2003months) postoperatively. At 6\u201318\u2003h after surgery, infants were randomized to receive placebo, 0.5\u2003mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, or 1\u2003mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> ketorolac IV. All infants received morphine sulfate as needed for pain control. Blood was collected up to 12\u2010h postdosing. Analysis used noncompartmental and compartmental population modeling methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In addition to noncompartmental and empirical Bayes PK modeling, data were integrated with a previously studied data set comprising 25 infants and toddlers (aged 6\u201318\u2003months). A two\u2010compartmental model described the comprehensive data set. The population estimates of the R\u2003(+) isomer were (%CV): central volume of distribution 1130 (10%) ml, peripheral volume of distribution 626 (25%) ml, and clearance from the central compartment 7.40 (8%) ml\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Those of the S\u2003(\u2212) isomer were 1930 (15%) ml, 319 (58%) ml, and 39.5 (13%) ml\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Typical elimination half\u2010lives were 191 and 33\u2003min, respectively. There was a trend for increased clearance and central volume with increasing age and weight. The base model suggested that clearance of the S\u2003(\u2212) isomer was weakly related to age; however, when body size adjustment was added to the model, no covariates were significant. Safety assessment showed no changes in renal or hepatic function tests, surgical drain output, or continuous oximetry between groups. Cumulative morphine administration showed large inter\u2010patient variability and was not different between groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Stereo\u2010isomer\u2010specific clearance of ketorolac in infants (aged 2\u20136\u2003months) shows rapid elimination of the analgesic S\u2003(\u2212) isomer as reported in infants aged 6\u201318\u2003months. No adverse effects were seen after a single IV ketorolac dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03484.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,29]],"date-time":"2010-12-29T14:26:46Z","timestamp":1293632806000},"page":"325-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Ketorolac tromethamine: stereo\u2010specific pharmacokinetics and single\u2010dose use in postoperative infants aged 2\u20136\u2003months"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Lynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Kantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilee","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail D.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199709000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03017921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000086459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7060.787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200295030-00009","article-title":"Ketorolac for pain management after abdominal surgical procedures in infants","volume":"95","author":"Burd RS","year":"2002","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90210-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70131-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.431012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200202000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in children after abdominal surgery","volume":"35","author":"Gonzalez\u2010Martin G","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000260320.60867.6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198702000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"972","article-title":"The maturation of morphine clearance and metabolism","volume":"146","author":"McRorie TI","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(98)80009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(98)00067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012299115260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600711209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199753010-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199912000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.00959.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e31818071df"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9592.2010.03484.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03484.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T01:31:17Z","timestamp":1698715877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03484.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03484.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03484.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,29]]}}}