{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T23:48:48Z","timestamp":1786837728547,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]],"date-time":"2011-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To compare the population pharmacodynamic (PD) models of propofol in children derived using two\u2010stage and mixed\u2010effect modeling approaches.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Fifty\u2010two ASA 1 and 2 children aged 6\u201315\u2003years presenting for gastrointestinal endoscopy were administered a loading dose of 4\u2003mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of propofol intravenously at an infusion rate determined by a randomization schedule. Using the plasma concentration predicted by the Paedfusor pharmacokinetic (PK) model, the propofol effect on state entropy (SE) was modeled using the two\u2010stage and the mixed\u2010effect modeling approaches, and the final population PD models were compared with each other in terms of their prediction performance, using median percentage and absolute percentage errors as well as mean absolute weighted error as metrics. The effects of age and body weight as prospective covariates were examined.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The final population models were comparable with each other; the two\u2010stage and the mixed\u2010effect approaches resulted in a <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e0<\/jats:sub> of 2.38 and 2.66\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, \u03b3 of 5.29 and 5.68, and EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 4.73 and 4.84\u2003\u03bcg\u00b7ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. The bootstrap estimates of the PD parameters were mean (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e0<\/jats:sub>\u2003= 2.38 (0.10), \u03b3\u2003=\u20035.30 (0.30), and EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2003=\u20034.73 (0.14). The PD parameters did not exhibit dependence on age and body weight. The parameters reported in this study in children were different from their adult counterparts reported in previous studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Models derived using different mathematical approaches produced consistent model parameters. By virtue of its relative computational efficiency, the two\u2010stage approach can serve as an attractive alternative to the mixed\u2010effect approach in situations where data are not sparse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03584.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]],"date-time":"2011-04-25T05:38:39Z","timestamp":1303709919000},"page":"691-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Two\u2010stage vs mixed\u2010effect approach to pharmacodynamic modeling of propofol in children using state entropy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jin\u2010Oh","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy A.","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Mark","family":"Ansermino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31818fc334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","volume-title":"An Overview of TCI and TIVA","author":"Absalom AR","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.827935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199401000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"289","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of propofol in children and adults: comparison based on the auditory evoked potentials index","volume":"53","author":"Cort\u00ednez LI","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","volume-title":"MATLAB User\u2019s Guide","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","volume-title":"MATLAB Optimization Toolbox User\u2019s Guide","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic modeling of propofol\u2010induced tidal volume depression in children","author":"Hahn JO","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"1588","volume-title":"MATLAB Statistics Toolbox User\u2019s Guide","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01143186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200604000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200603000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","article-title":"Dynamic behavior of BIS, M\u2010ENTROPY, and NEUROSENSE brain function monitors","author":"Bibian S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181e4f4ca"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9592.2011.03584.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03584.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T08:23:23Z","timestamp":1697271803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03584.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03584.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03584.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]}}}