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In this phylogenetic study of primate malarias, I investigated the relationship between virulence and other parasite life\u2010history traits. I used peak parasitaemia as a proxy for virulence, because it reflected parasite reproductive success and parasite\u2010induced mortality. Peak parasitaemia was higher in specialist than in generalist species, even when confounding life\u2010history traits were controlled. While there was a significant phylogenetic relationship between the number of competitors per host and host specialization, peak parasitaemia was unrelated to within\u2010host competition. Therefore, the key evolutionary factor that favours virulence is host specialization, and the evolutionary success of virulent parasites, such as <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, may be better understood when the trade\u2010off in virulence between different hosts is considered. Such phylogenetic results may help us design better protection programmes against malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00936.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T22:48:17Z","timestamp":1149029297000},"page":"933-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The evolution of virulence and host specialization in malaria parasites of primates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Zsolt","family":"Garamszegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.1999.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415787a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"The Primate Malarias","author":"Coatney G.R.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.50.1.58-61.1985","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies produced against sporozoites of the human parasite Plasmodium malariae abolish infectivity of sporozoites of the simian parasite Plasmodium brasilianum","volume":"50","author":"Cochrane A.H.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect. 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