{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:48:15Z","timestamp":1791319695656,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Eco\u2010physiological variation and local adaptation are key issues in microbial ecology. Here, we investigated the thermal adaptation of 19 strains of the same\n                    <jats:italic>Spumella<\/jats:italic>\n                    morphospecies (Chrysophyceae, Heterokonta). In order to test for local adaptation and the existence of specific ecotypes we analysed growth rates of these strains, which originated from different climate regions. We applied temperature\u2010adaptation as an eco\u2010physiological marker and analysed growth rates of the different\n                    <jats:italic>Spumella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains at temperatures between 0\u00b0C and 35\u00b0C. The temperatures allowing for maximal growth of strains from temperate and warm climatic zones ranged between 19.9\u00b0C and 33.4\u00b0C. Phylogenetically, most of these \u2018warm\u2019\u2010adapted strains fall into two different previously defined 18S rDNA\n                    <jats:italic>Spumella<\/jats:italic>\n                    clusters, one of them consisting of mostly soil organisms and the other one being a freshwater cluster. As a rule, the \u2018warm\u2019\u2010adapted strains of the soil cluster grew slower than the \u2018warm\u2019\u2010adapted isolates within the freshwater cluster. This difference most probably reflect different strategies, i.e. the formation of cysts at the expense of lower growth rates in soil organisms. In contrast, as expected, all isolates from Antarctica were cold\u2010adapted and grew already around melting point of freshwater. Surprisingly, optimum temperature for these strains was between 11.8\u00b0C and 17.7\u00b0C and maximum temperature tolerated was between 14.6\u00b0C and 23.5\u00b0C. Our data indicate that despite the relatively high optimal temperature of most Antarctic strains, they may have a relative advantage below 5\u201310\u00b0C only. Based on the thermal adaptation of the flagellate strains the Antarctic strains were clearly separated from the other investigated strains. This may indicate a limited dispersal of flagellates to and from Antarctica. Even if the latter assumption needs support from more data, we argue that the high levels of eco\u2010physiological and molecular microdiversity indicate that the current species concepts do not sufficiently reflect protist eco\u2010physiological differentiation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01175.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T20:00:20Z","timestamp":1162497620000},"page":"593-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Differential thermal adaptation of clonal strains of a protist morphospecies originating from different climatic zones"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Boenigk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Stoeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Garstecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1434-4610(99)70010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"240","volume-title":"The Flagellates","author":"Arndt 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