{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:13:43Z","timestamp":1792671223251,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glucose homeostasis requires the tight regulation of glucose utilization by liver, muscle and white or brown fat, and glucose production and release in the blood by liver. The major goal of maintaining glycemia at \u223c5 mM is to ensure a sufficient flux of glucose to the brain, which depends mostly on this nutrient as a source of metabolic energy. This homeostatic process is controlled by hormones, mainly glucagon and insulin, and by autonomic nervous activities that control the metabolic state of liver, muscle and fat tissue but also the secretory activity of the endocrine pancreas. Activation or inhibition of the sympathetic or parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous systems are controlled by glucose\u2010excited or glucose\u2010inhibited neurons located at different anatomical sites, mainly in the brainstem and the hypothalamus. Activation of these neurons by hyper\u2010 or hypoglycemia represents a critical aspect of the control of glucose homeostasis, and loss of glucose sensing by these cells as well as by pancreatic\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cells is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In this article, aspects of the brain\u2013endocrine pancreas axis are reviewed, highlighting the importance of central glucose sensing in the control of counterregulation to hypoglycemia but also mentioning the role of the neural control in\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cell mass and function. Overall, the conclusions of these studies is that impaired glucose homeostasis, such as associated with type 2 diabetes, but also defective counterregulation to hypoglycemia, may be caused by initial defects in glucose sensing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01453.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T11:54:32Z","timestamp":1312804472000},"page":"82-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Brain glucose sensing and neural regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Thorens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80381-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311301200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413063200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1733027100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","unstructured":"TreesukosolY SmithKR SpectorAC.The functional role of the T1R family of receptors in sweet taste and feeding. 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