{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:46:35Z","timestamp":1764171995338,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose\u2002<\/jats:bold> To describe the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical manifestations of canine necrotizing scleritis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A retrospective examination of the clinical records and samples of ocular tissues from five dogs with a histological diagnosis \u2018necrotizing scleritis\u2019 was completed. Archived, formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded samples and two control globes were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram, periodic acid\u2013Schiff (PAS) and Masson trichrome stains, and they were immunohistochemically labeled for CD3, CD18, and CD20.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Of the five cases reviewed, only two could be confirmed as idiopathic necrotizing scleritis. The other three cases were retrospectively diagnosed as unilateral focal, non\u2010necrotizing scleritis, one as episcleritis and the third was scleritis secondary to a proptosed globe based on our retrospective clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. In these two cases, idiopathic necrotizing scleritis manifested as a bilateral, progressive, inflammatory disease of the sclera and cornea that induces significant uveitis. Light microscopic examination confirmed collagen degeneration and granulomatous inflammation. There was no evidence for an infectious etiology based on Gram\u2019s and PAS stainings. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed a predominance of B cells in idiopathic, bilateral necrotizing scleritis. Tinctorial staining abnormalities with Masson\u2019s trichrome stain were present in scleral collagen of the two cases with idiopathic necrotizing scleritis as well as a case of secondary traumatic scleritis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Based on a limited number of cases, idiopathic canine necrotizing scleritis shares similar histopathological features with non\u2010necrotizing scleritis and episcleritis; however, necrotizing scleritis is B\u2010cell\u2010dominated and bilateral, and significant collagen alterations manifest with Masson\u2019s trichrome stain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00948.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,30]],"date-time":"2011-09-30T10:47:50Z","timestamp":1317379670000},"page":"102-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A retrospective study of the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical manifestations of 5 dogs originally diagnosed histologically as necrotizing scleritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nora","family":"Denk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne S.","family":"Sandmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca S.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Grahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A clinicopathological classification of episcleritis and scleritis in the dog","volume":"13","author":"Fischer CA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Transactions American College of Veterinary Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Comparative Ophthalmic Pathology","author":"Fischer CA","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"344","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Whitley RD","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Diagnostic Ophthalmology: what are your clinical diagnoses, and diagnostic and therapeutic plans?","volume":"40","author":"Grahn BH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Grahn BH","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"A retrospective histopathologic study of primary episcleral and scleral inflammatory disease in dogs","volume":"7","author":"Deykin AR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Veterinary & Comparative Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Advances in Veterinary Dermatology","author":"Mason KV","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589102800118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01816435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1996.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: the relationship between ocular and systemic disease","volume":"28","author":"Harper SL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Trichrome stainings and their preliminary technique","volume":"12","author":"Masson P","year":"1929","journal-title":"Journal of Technical Methods"},{"volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Histotechnology","year":"1980","author":"Sheehan DC","key":"e_1_2_7_16_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.1998.00074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"170","article-title":"Hereditary fragility and hyperextensibility of the skin of cats. 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