{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:30:48Z","timestamp":1770219048350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>To describe the bacterial flora present in the normal conjunctiva of donkeys from Sicily (Italy).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animals studied\u2002<\/jats:bold>A total of 46 healthy donkeys housed in 3 locations within the territory of Palermo (Sicily, Italy) were studied. Donkeys ranged from 2 to 13\u2003years of age, with a median age of 6\u2003years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures\u2002<\/jats:bold>Forty\u2010six conjunctival swabs were obtained from both eyes of each animal, and specimens were cultured for aerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of methicillin (1\u2003\u03bcg) and oxacillin (5\u2003\u03bcg) on<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>spp. isolates was evaluated, and a specific PCR assay, which allows the detection of<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>A gene specific for methicillin\u2010resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(MRSA) strains, was performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>Forty of 46 (86.9%) donkeys were positive for bacteria. Eighty bacterial isolates, representing 9 bacteria genera, were successfully cultured. The most frequently recovered bacterial genus was<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>(52\/80 isolates; 65%). Several strains (20\/80 isolates; 25%) belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were also isolated, among which the most frequently isolated genus was<jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>(eight isolates). Of the 52<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>spp. isolates, 14 (26.9%) strains were oxacillin\/methicillin resistant. The<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>A gene was detected in 6\/52 (11.5%) strains.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>This study contributes to the knowledge about normal ocular flora and MRSA occurrence in donkey farms in Sicily.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01028.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1335176092000},"page":"89-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Detection of methicillin\u2010resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>(MRSA) in the microbial flora from the conjunctiva of healthy donkeys from Sicily 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