{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:21:38Z","timestamp":1791249698634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of Type\u00a02 diabetes in women of childbearing age continues to grow as the incidence of Type\u00a02 diabetes increases. Recent evidence shows that treatment of gestational diabetes ensures the best possible outcome for pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. Metformin is a logical treatment in these circumstances but there has always been concern about its safety for the fetus, particularly as it crosses the placenta and it may increase the risk of teratogenesis. Although evidence is accumulating that metformin is useful and has a role in polycystic ovary syndrome, a condition of insulin resistance, it is not yet accepted as treatment for Type\u00a02 diabetes in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Observational data supports the use of metformin in Type\u00a02 diabetes in pregnancy and its role in gestational diabetes is currently under investigation. Metformin may become an important treatment for women with either gestational or Type\u00a02 diabetes in pregnancy and indeed may have additional important benefits for women, including reducing insulin resistance, body weight and long\u2010term risk of diabetes. There is a need for a randomized controlled trial in women with Type\u00a02 diabetes in pregnancy with long\u2010term follow\u2010up of both mothers and children. Until then the best advice remains that optimized glycaemic control prior to conception and during pregnancy is the most important intervention for best possible pregnancy outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01856.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T09:12:19Z","timestamp":1140081139000},"page":"223-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Metformin use and diabetic pregnancy\u2014has its time come?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Hawthorne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00001-2.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2208","article-title":"Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant siblings","volume":"49","author":"Dabelea D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198302033080502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"B138","article-title":"Long\u2010term effects of the intrauterine environment, birth weight and breast feeding on Pima Indians","volume":"11","author":"Pettit DJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08599-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010193431601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01221950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","first-page":"467","article-title":"Diabetes newly diagnosed during pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Coetzee EJ","year":"1979","journal-title":"SA Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(86)80036-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508313330903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90012-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021162117177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70662-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91306-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7421.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.3.11.1557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01666-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03266-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","first-page":"A100","article-title":"The pregnancies of Type 2 diabetics have a much poorer outcome despite glycaemic control that is similar to Type 1 diabetes. Data from the East Anglian Register of Diabetes in Pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Roland JM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200524531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7392.762\/a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","first-page":"A39","article-title":"Diabetes rates and B\u2010cell function in the Pioglitazone in Prevention of Diabetes [PIPOD] study","volume":"28","author":"Buchanan TA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0939-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042973"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1464-5491.2006.01856.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01856.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1696954095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01856.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01856.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01856.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-02-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}