{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:57:52Z","timestamp":1787014672543,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Diabet. Med. 29, 220\u2013226 (2012)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                      We determined whether non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Type\u20031 diabetes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                      We studied 343 patients with Type\u20031 diabetes, who had no history of excessive alcohol consumption or other secondary causes of chronic liver disease. Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Chronic kidney disease was defined as presence of either abnormal albuminuria (i.e. urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio \u2265\u200330\u2003mg\/g) or estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60\u2003ml\u2003min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u20031.73\u2003m\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                      Compared with those without steatosis, patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2003182) had significantly lower estimated GFR (83.0\u2003\u00b1\u200327 vs. 93.3\u2003\u00b1\u200329\u2003ml\u2003min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u20031.73\u2003m\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20030.001) and a greater prevalence of abnormal albuminuria (50.0 vs. 20.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20030.0001) and chronic kidney disease (54.4 vs. 24.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20030.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver was associated with an increased risk of either abnormal albuminuria (adjusted odds ratio 2.21, 95%\u2003CI 1.2\u20134.1,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20030.01) or chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio 1.93, 95%\u2003CI 1.1\u20133.6,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20030.02), independently of age, gender, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes duration, HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      , BMI, systolic blood pressure, plasma lipids and use of anti\u2010hypertensive and lipid\u2010lowering medications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                      Our findings demonstrate that ultrasound\u2010diagnosed non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver is associated with a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with Type\u20031 diabetes, independently of several risk factors, including the components of the metabolic syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03427.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T23:51:00Z","timestamp":1314834660000},"page":"220-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes and non\u2010alcoholic fatty 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