{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1790162753052,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,4]],"date-time":"2011-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>It has long been known that drug users may use a variety of pharmaceutical preparations by injection, many of which are not intended for intravenous administration (e.g. buprenorphine, methylphenidate, oxycodone). The introduction of tablet fillers such as talc or starch, in the blood circulation may cause, besides local injection site complications, pulmonary emboli. To reduce the harmful consequences of injecting such solutions, drug users have been encouraged to use filters. This research studied the effectiveness of an injection drug user syringe filter (IDUSF) in eliminating these particles.<\/jats:italic> <\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Generic buprenorphine and methylphenidate (Ritaline\u00ae), both containing talc, are frequently diverted for use by injection in France. The aim of our laboratory\u2010based study was to compare the effectiveness of an IDUSF (Sterifilt\u00ae, filter pore size\u2003=\u200310\u2003\u00b5m) versus no filtration, at reducing the number of particles in solutions of dissolved generic buprenorphine and Ritaline\u00ae.<\/jats:italic> <\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Compared with a non\u2010filtered solution drawn up through a 30G needle, filtering of the generic buprenorphine solution eliminated approximately 85% of all particles between 1 and 5\u2003\u00b5m in diameter and 97% of particles between 5 and 18\u2003\u00b5m. In the Ritaline\u00ae solution, these values were two\u2010thirds and 95%, respectively.<\/jats:italic> <\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Preliminary results indicate that IDUSF are effective in significantly filtering out large particles, which are responsible for major harms like pulmonary emboli. One strategy for alleviating these consequences is to promote the implementation of IDUSF in harm reduction programs, accompanied by training of social workers, peers and drug users.<\/jats:italic>[Roux P, Carrieri MP, Keijzer L, Dasgupta N. Reducing harm from injecting pharmaceutical tablet or capsule material by injecting drug users. <jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<\/jats:italic> 2011;30:287\u2013290]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2011.00285.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]],"date-time":"2011-05-05T01:58:42Z","timestamp":1304560722000},"page":"287-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Reducing harm from injecting pharmaceutical tablet or capsule material by injecting drug users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"PERRINE","family":"ROUX","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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