{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T19:05:47Z","timestamp":1767035147572},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Economic Inquiry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Exploiting changes in welfare policy across states and over time and comparing relevant population subgroups within an econometric difference\u2010in\u2010differences framework, we estimate the effects of welfare reform on adult women's illicit drug use from 1992 to 2002, the period during which welfare reform unfolded in the United States. The analyses are based on all available and appropriate national data sets, each offering unique strengths and measuring a different drug\u2010related outcome. We investigate self\u2010reported illicit drug use (from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse and National Surveys on Drug Use and Health), drug\u2010related prison admissions (from the National Corrections Reporting Program), drug\u2010related arrests (from Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports), and drug\u2010related emergency department episodes (from the Drug Abuse Warning Network). We find robust evidence that welfare reform led to a 10%\u201321% decline in illicit drug use among women at risk of relying on welfare, as well as associated declines in drug\u2010related arrests (6%\u20137%), drug\u2010related hospital emergency department episodes (7%\u201311%), and possibly drug\u2010related prison admissions (11%\u201319%). The findings indicate that an appropriately designed welfare system with sufficient job opportunities for those who are able to work can result in both increases in employment and decreases in drug use.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>JEL<\/jats:italic> I38, K42, J21)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2012.00459.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T09:55:22Z","timestamp":1335174922000},"page":"653-674","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["EFFECTS OF WELFARE REFORM ON ILLICIT DRUG USE OF ADULT WOMEN"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"HOPE","family":"CORMAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DHAVAL M.","family":"DAVE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DHIMAN","family":"DAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NANCY E.","family":"REICHMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.XL.2.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Making Americans Healthier: Social and Economic Policy as Health Policy","author":"Bitler M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/.40.4.1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.3.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1558-9544.1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corman H. 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