{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:28:22Z","timestamp":1773408502907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["vaajournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,12]],"date-time":"2008-12-12T05:38:38Z","timestamp":1229060318000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in Shetland ponies using constant current or constant voltage electrical stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Olivier L","family":"Levionnois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Spadavecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Kronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Schatzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199306000-00020","article-title":"Hypothermia eliminates isoflurane requirements at 20 degrees C","volume":"78","author":"Antognini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200510000-00003","article-title":"Measuring minimum alveolar concentration: more than meets the tail","volume":"103","author":"Antognini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199910000-00027","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative effects of isoflurane on movement occurring after noxious stimulation","volume":"91","author":"Antognini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.519","article-title":"Influence of morphine sulfate on the halothane sparing effect of xylazine hydrochloride in horses","volume":"65","author":"Bennett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1349","article-title":"Use of noninvasive dental dolorimetry to evaluate analgesic effects of intravenous and intrathecal administration of morphine in anesthetized dogs","volume":"63","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03141.x","article-title":"Effect of high volume epidural morphine, ketamine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies","volume":"29","author":"Doherty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1997.00086.x","article-title":"Comparison of halothane minimum alveolar concentration and minimum effective concentration in ponies","volume":"20","author":"Doherty","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2004.00185.x","article-title":"Isoflurane measurement error using short wavelength infrared techniques in horses: influence of fresh gas flow and pre-anaesthetic food deprivation","volume":"32","author":"Dujardin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200306000-00011","article-title":"Temporal summation governs part of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane anesthesia","volume":"98","author":"Dutton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197109000-00013","article-title":"Is the end-tidal anesthetic partial pressure an accurate measure of the arterial anesthetic partial pressure?","volume":"35","author":"Eger","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196511000-00012","article-title":"Equipotent alveolar concentrations of methoxyflurane, halothane, diethyl ether, fluroxene, cyclopropane, xenon and nitrous oxide in the dog","volume":"26","author":"Eger","year":"1965","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196511000-00010","article-title":"Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration: a standard of anesthetic potency","volume":"26","author":"Eger","year":"1965","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198812000-00012","article-title":"Minimum alveolar concentration of I-653 and isoflurane in pigs: definition of a supramaximal stimulus","volume":"67","author":"Eger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021502000972","article-title":"Decrease in minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane during anaesthesia and arthroscopy","volume":"19","author":"Higuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000066259.39584.F7","article-title":"Isoflurane depresses diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in rats between 0.8 and 1.2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration","volume":"97","author":"Jinks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197504000-00003","article-title":"MAC expanded: AD50 and AD95 values of common inhalation anesthetics in man","volume":"42","author":"De Jong","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib17","series-title":"Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice","first-page":"50","author":"Kimura","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01514-X","article-title":"Animal models of nociception","volume":"53","author":"Le Bars","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04281.x","article-title":"Effect of low-dose butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies","volume":"22","author":"Matthews","year":"1990","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196305000-00016","article-title":"A comparative study of halothane and halopropane anesthesia including method for determining equipotency","volume":"24","author":"Merkel","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.08.1327","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of alfentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane in horses","volume":"54","author":"Pascoe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199311000-00014","article-title":"Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration decreases during anesthesia and surgery","volume":"79","author":"Petersen-Felix","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/81.6.902","article-title":"Are changes in the evoked electromyogram during anaesthesia without neuromuscular blocking agents caused by failure of supramaximal nerve stimulation?","volume":"81","author":"Polhill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198010000-00008","article-title":"Determination and applications of MAC","volume":"53","author":"Quasha","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200209000-00021","article-title":"Issues in the design and interpretation of minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) studies","volume":"95","author":"Sonner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200009000-00042","article-title":"Naturally occurring variability in anesthetic potency among inbred mouse strains","volume":"91","author":"Sonner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1551","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of nociception in horses by use of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Spadavecchia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.700","article-title":"Comparison of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes and recruitment curves between the forelimbs and hind limbs in conscious horses","volume":"64","author":"Spadavecchia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(03)00013-1","article-title":"Nerve stimulation with an electrode of finite size: differences between constant current and constant voltage stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Stecker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/47.4.435","article-title":"The effect of seven vasopressors on halothane MAC in dogs","volume":"47","author":"Steffey","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1977.38.07.1037","article-title":"Enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane potency in horses","volume":"38","author":"Steffey","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1225","article-title":"Effects of xylazine hydrochloride during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses","volume":"61","author":"Steffey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.166","article-title":"Interactions of morphine and isoflurane in horses","volume":"64","author":"Steffey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379100700402","article-title":"Interspecies scaling of anesthetic potency","volume":"7","author":"Travis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.957","article-title":"Validation of several types of noxious stimuli for use in determining the minimum alveolar concentration for inhalation anesthetics in dogs and rabbits","volume":"64","author":"Valverde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199402000-00004","article-title":"Anesthetic depth defined using multiple noxious stimuli during isoflurane\/oxygen anesthesia. I. Motor reactions","volume":"80","author":"Zbinden","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298716306213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298716306213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T02:53:36Z","timestamp":1761447216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1467298716306213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1467298716306213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-2987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-2987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in Shetland ponies using constant current or constant voltage electrical stimulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}