{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:48:36Z","timestamp":1769345316007,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["vaajournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]],"date-time":"2012-05-30T06:46:44Z","timestamp":1338360404000},"page":"345-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Preliminary studies of chemical immobilization of captive juvenile estuarine (Crocodylus porosus) and Australian freshwater (C. johnstoni) crocodiles with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Annabelle","family":"Olsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Phalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib1","author":"Anon"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib2","author":"Anon"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib3","series-title":"Crocodile Specialist Group Conference Proceedings, Darwin, Northern Territory","article-title":"Pancuronium Bromide \u2013 an immobilizing agent for crocodiles","author":"Bates","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib4","series-title":"Reptile Medicine and Surgery","first-page":"241","article-title":"Anesthesia","author":"Bennett","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib5","first-page":"235","article-title":"Characterization of the renal portal system of the common green iguana (Iguana iguana) by digital subtraction imaging","volume":"30","author":"Benson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib6","series-title":"Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia","first-page":"233","article-title":"Squamates (snakes and lizards)","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1019","article-title":"Medetomidine, ketamine, and sevoflurane for anesthesia of injured loggerhead sea turtles: 13 cases (1996\u20132000)","volume":"221","author":"Chittick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1999.tb12907.x","article-title":"Advantages and disadvantages of using alpha-2 agonists in veterinary practice","volume":"77","author":"Dart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1516","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of a medetomidine-ketamine combination administered intravenously in gopher tortoises","volume":"220","author":"Dennis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000282046.66773.39","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in postsurgical pediatric intensive care unit patients: preliminary study","volume":"8","author":"Diaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1139\/z91-276","article-title":"Introduction to cardiac scope in lower vertebrates","volume":"69","author":"Farrell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib12","series-title":"Use of Tranquilizers in Wildlife","first-page":"61","article-title":"Immobilization of crocodiles","author":"Flammard","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib13","first-page":"63","article-title":"Capture and chemical immobilization of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in South Africa","volume":"1996","author":"Fleming","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Reptile Amphibian Vet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib14","series-title":"Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia","first-page":"223","article-title":"Crocodilians (crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gharial)","author":"Fleming","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/35022652","article-title":"An actively controlled heart valve","volume":"406","author":"Franklin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.10233","article-title":"Comparison of stress induced by manual restraint and immobilization in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus","volume":"298A","author":"Franklin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib17","first-page":"9","article-title":"Medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in red-eared slider turtles, (Trachemys scripta elegans)","volume":"40","author":"Greer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib18","series-title":"Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia","first-page":"3","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology","author":"Grimm","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/1565662","article-title":"Effect of acute stress on plasma concentrations of sex and stress hormones in juvenile alligators living in control and contaminated lakes","volume":"31","author":"Guillette","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Herp"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib20","first-page":"63","article-title":"Development of anesthesia in crocodilians","volume":"33","author":"Heaton-Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Reptile Amphibian Vet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2002)033[0036:EOMKAW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Evaluation of medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia with atipamezole reversal in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)","volume":"33","author":"Heaton-Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib22","first-page":"531","article-title":"Evaluation of ketamine, ketamine\/xylazine, and ketamine\/midazolam anesthesiames red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)","volume":"25","author":"Holz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib23","first-page":"386","article-title":"The effect of the renal portal system on pharmacokinetic parameters in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)","volume":"28","author":"Holz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib24","first-page":"378","article-title":"The anatomy and perfusion of the renal portal system in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)","volume":"28","author":"Holz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib25","first-page":"139","article-title":"Xylazine and ketamine anesthesia in captive Nile crocodiles","volume":"4","author":"Idowu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trop Vet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib26","series-title":"IUCN Red List of Categories and Criteria Version 3.1","author":"IUCN","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<329::AID-ZOO11>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Metabolic scaling of antibiotic in reptiles: basis and limitations","volume":"15","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zoo Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2307\/20094678","article-title":"Immobilization, blood sampling, necropsy techniques, and diseases of crocodilians: a review","volume":"15","author":"Jacobson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Zoo Anim Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib29","first-page":"259","article-title":"The use of medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: a review","volume":"21","author":"Jalanka","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.53.423","article-title":"Reversal of medetomidine-ketamine combination anaesthesia in rabbits by atipamezole","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1638\/2008-0033.1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine after single-dose subcutaneous administration in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)","volume":"39","author":"Kummrow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19990501)283:6<566::AID-JEZ8>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Hormonal and metabolic responses of juvenile alligators to cold shock","volume":"283","author":"Lance","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib33","series-title":"Crocodilian Biology and Evolution","first-page":"327","article-title":"Physiology and endocrinology of stress in crocodilians","author":"Lance","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib34","series-title":"Wildlife Management: Crocodiles and Alligators","first-page":"301","article-title":"Crocodilian thermal selection","author":"Lang","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib35","first-page":"6","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of medetomidine\/ketamine combinations for immobilization and reversal with atipamezole in three tortoise species","volume":"8","author":"Lock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull Assoc Reptilian Amphibian Vet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Techniques in the immobilization and handling of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)","volume":"40","author":"Loveridge","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arnoldia"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1053\/j.saep.2005.09.005","article-title":"Anesthesia and analgesia in reptiles","volume":"14","author":"Mosley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib38","series-title":"10th World Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Glasgow, Scotland, Poster Presentation","article-title":"Medetomidine and atipamezole studies in estuarine crocodiles (C. porosus)","author":"Olsson","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00539.x","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of medetomidine in the dog: a dose titration study","volume":"27","author":"Pypendop","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib40","series-title":"A Guide to Crocodilians and Their Functional Morphology","first-page":"41","article-title":"Crocodiles: inside out","author":"Richardson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib41","series-title":"Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia","first-page":"259","article-title":"Chelonians (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins)","author":"Schumacher","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib42","series-title":"Reptile Medicine and Surgery","first-page":"442","article-title":"Anesthesia and analgesia","author":"Schumacher","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/1447558","article-title":"Patterns of body temperature in wild freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni: thermoregulation versus thermoconformity, seasonal acclimatization, and the effects of social interactions","volume":"1997","author":"Seebacher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/27.1.97","article-title":"Scaling of cardiovascular physiology in snakes","volume":"27","author":"Seymour","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Zool"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib45","series-title":"Sedation, Analgesia and Anesthesia","first-page":"43","article-title":"Alpha-2 agents in animals","author":"Short","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2000)031[0028:SACEOM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole in desert tortoises, (Gopherus agassizii)","volume":"31","author":"Sleeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib47","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary physiology and anesthesia in crocodilians","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Proc Assoc Reptile Amphibian Vet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib48","first-page":"133","article-title":"Immobilization of American alligators with medetomidine and its reversal with atipamezole","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib49","first-page":"276","article-title":"Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and atipamezole in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Joint Conf Am Assoc Zoo Vet Am Assoc Wildl Vet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib50","series-title":"Aquaculture for Veterinarians: Fish Husbandry and Medicine","first-page":"161","article-title":"Anesthesia","author":"Stoskopf","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199809000-00003","article-title":"Receptor-specific reversible sedation: beginning of new era of anesthesia?","volume":"89","author":"Talke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.08.1265","article-title":"Antagonistic effect of atipamezole on xylazine-induced sedation, bradycardia and ruminal atony in calves","volume":"52","author":"Thompson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib53","first-page":"447","article-title":"Reversal of medetomidine-induced cardiovascular and respiratory changes with atipamezole in dogs","volume":"127","author":"Vainio","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen070","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in children under 11\u2003yr of age","volume":"100","author":"Vilo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x_bib55","series-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","first-page":"40","article-title":"Testing for goodness of fit","author":"Zar","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S146729871630397X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S146729871630397X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T02:51:39Z","timestamp":1761447099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S146729871630397X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S146729871630397X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-2987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-2987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preliminary studies of chemical immobilization of captive juvenile estuarine (Crocodylus porosus) and Australian freshwater (C. johnstoni) crocodiles with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}